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Author: Daniel-Constantin Mierla
The scope of this tutorial is to show how you can use Kamailio (former OpenSER) and FreeSWITCH to build a complete SIP/VoIP platform for large number of subscribers.
Kamailio is an open source SIP server, forked from SIP Express Router (SER) in 2005 under the name OpenSER. In July 2008, OpenSER was renamed to Kamailio because of trademark issues. Starting with November 2008, Kamailio and SER teams restarted development collaboration, resulting in version 3.0.0 being the first that allow to run Kamailio and SER modules (extensions) in same SIP server instance - practically it is the same source code, the differences are the database structure used to store SIP user profiles and default enabled modules.
One of outstanding features of Kamailio is ability of hosting large number of active users in a single instance (depending of hardware it can be 100 000+). Long development life ensures the stability required in real-time tele-comunications and a broad set of features in handling SIP signaling.
FreeSWITCH is an open source multi-protocol softswitch, supporting SIP as well. It is a very attractive project from features and extensibility point of view. Its media processing capabilities makes FreeSWITCH a perfect fit for providing media services to Kamailio based platforms.
Any Kamailio version 3.0.x can be used (right now last released is 3.0.1). For FreeSWITCH I used the development version from GIT after release 1.0.6, but before any other official release (no 1.0.7 or what is going to be next).
Following services are handled in the scenario built within document:
Local users have 3 digit IDs (we will use users 101 102, and 103 for testing). Voice box ID is the same as user ID. Extensions for media services start with 4.
Kamailio and FreeSWITCH are installed on the same physical server (ip 192.168.178.23), using different ports:
A step by step installation tutorial for Kamailio 3.0.x is available at:
It is no special tunning needed for this tutorial, just install it as usual. You can use MySQL or your preferred database server, has no relevance here. But if you choose another database type, be sure you update the Kamailio config file, the one provided here uses MySQL.
We try to keep FreeSWITCH and Kamailio installations as much as possible independent one from the other.
Kamailio has one config file by default, named kamailio.cfg. Starting with 3.0.0, you can split it in several files and use include_file to merge the pieces in main config file.
Another important features brought by 3.0.x are 'define' directives, making easy to enable/disable features. This concept is used here as well, therefore you can see the changes done for FreeSWITCH integration by following define WITH_FREESWITCH (i.e., config parts in between #!ifdef WITH_FREESWITCH … #!endif).
#!KAMAILIO #!define WITH_MYSQL #!define WITH_AUTH #!define WITH_USRLOCDB #!define WITH_FREESWITCH # # $Id$ # # Kamailio (OpenSER) SIP Server v3.0 - basic configuration script # - web: http://www.kamailio.org # - git: http://sip-router.org # # Direct your questions about this file to: <users@lists.kamailio.org> # # Refer to the Core CookBook at http://www.kamailio.org/dokuwiki/doku.php # for an explanation of possible statements, functions and parameters. # # Several features can be enabled using '#!define WITH_FEATURE' directives: # # *** To run in debug mode: # - define WITH_DEBUG # # *** To enable mysql: # - define WITH_MYSQL # # *** To enable authentication execute: # - enable mysql # - define WITH_AUTH # - add users using 'kamctl' # # *** To enable persistent user location execute: # - enable mysql # - define WITH_USRLOCDB # # *** To enable presence server execute: # - enable mysql # - define WITH_PRESENCE # # *** To enable nat traversal execute: # - define WITH_NAT # - install RTPProxy: http://www.rtpproxy.org # - start RTPProxy: # rtpproxy -l _your_public_ip_ -s udp:localhost:7722 # # *** To enable PSTN gateway routing execute: # - define WITH_PSTN # - set the value of pstn.gw_ip # - check route[PSTN] for regexp routing condition # # *** To enhance accounting execute: # - enable mysql # - define WITH_ACCDB # - add following columns to database #!ifdef ACCDB_COMMENT ALTER TABLE acc ADD COLUMN src_user VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''; ALTER TABLE acc ADD COLUMN src_domain VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''; ALTER TABLE acc ADD COLUMN dst_ouser VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''; ALTER TABLE acc ADD COLUMN dst_user VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''; ALTER TABLE acc ADD COLUMN dst_domain VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''; ALTER TABLE missed_calls ADD COLUMN src_user VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''; ALTER TABLE missed_calls ADD COLUMN src_domain VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''; ALTER TABLE missed_calls ADD COLUMN dst_ouser VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''; ALTER TABLE missed_calls ADD COLUMN dst_user VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''; ALTER TABLE missed_calls ADD COLUMN dst_domain VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''; #!endif ####### Global Parameters ######### #!ifdef WITH_DEBUG debug=4 log_stderror=yes #!else debug=2 log_stderror=no #!endif memdbg=5 memlog=5 log_facility=LOG_LOCAL0 fork=yes children=4 /* uncomment the next line to disable TCP (default on) */ #disable_tcp=yes /* uncomment the next line to disable the auto discovery of local aliases based on revers DNS on IPs (default on) */ #auto_aliases=no port=5060 /* uncomment and configure the following line if you want Kamailio to bind on a specific interface/port/proto (default bind on all available) */ #listen=udp:10.0.0.10:5060 ####### Custom Parameters ######### # These parameters can be modified runtime via RPC interface # - see the documentation of 'cfg_rpc' module. # # Format: group.id = value 'desc' description # Access: $sel(cfg_get.group.id) or @cfg_get.group.id # #!ifdef WITH_PSTN # PSTN GW Routing # # - pstn.gw_ip: valid IP or hostname as string value, example: # pstn.gw_ip = "10.0.0.101" desc "My PSTN GW Address" # # - by default is empty to avoid misrouting pstn.gw_ip = "" desc "PSTN GW Address" #!endif #!ifdef WITH_FREESWITCH freeswitch.bindip = "192.168.178.23" desc "FreeSWITCH IP Address" freeswitch.bindport = "5090" desc "FreeSWITCH Port" #!endif ####### Modules Section ######## #set module path mpath="/usr/local/lib/kamailio/modules_k/:/usr/local/lib/kamailio/modules/" /* uncomment next line for MySQL DB support */ #!ifdef WITH_MYSQL loadmodule "db_mysql.so" #!endif loadmodule "mi_fifo.so" loadmodule "kex.so" loadmodule "tm.so" loadmodule "tmx.so" loadmodule "sl.so" loadmodule "rr.so" loadmodule "pv.so" loadmodule "maxfwd.so" loadmodule "usrloc.so" loadmodule "registrar.so" loadmodule "textops.so" loadmodule "uri_db.so" loadmodule "siputils.so" loadmodule "xlog.so" loadmodule "sanity.so" loadmodule "ctl.so" loadmodule "mi_rpc.so" loadmodule "acc.so" #!ifdef WITH_AUTH loadmodule "auth.so" loadmodule "auth_db.so" #!endif /* uncomment next line for aliases support NOTE: a DB (like db_mysql) module must be also loaded */ #loadmodule "alias_db.so" /* uncomment next line for multi-domain support NOTE: a DB (like db_mysql) module must be also loaded NOTE: be sure and enable multi-domain support in all used modules (see "multi-module params" section ) */ #loadmodule "domain.so" #!ifdef WITH_PRESENCE loadmodule "presence.so" loadmodule "presence_xml.so" #!endif #!ifdef WITH_NAT loadmodule "nathelper.so" #!endif # ----------------- setting module-specific parameters --------------- # ----- mi_fifo params ----- modparam("mi_fifo", "fifo_name", "/tmp/kamailio_fifo") # ----- rr params ----- # add value to ;lr param to cope with most of the UAs modparam("rr", "enable_full_lr", 1) # do not append from tag to the RR (no need for this script) modparam("rr", "append_fromtag", 0) # ----- rr params ----- modparam("registrar", "method_filtering", 1) /* uncomment the next line to disable parallel forking via location */ # modparam("registrar", "append_branches", 0) /* uncomment the next line not to allow more than 10 contacts per AOR */ #modparam("registrar", "max_contacts", 10) # ----- uri_db params ----- /* by default we disable the DB support in the module as we do not need it in this configuration */ modparam("uri_db", "use_uri_table", 0) modparam("uri_db", "db_url", "") # ----- acc params ----- /* what sepcial events should be accounted ? */ modparam("acc", "early_media", 1) modparam("acc", "report_ack", 1) modparam("acc", "report_cancels", 1) /* by default ww do not adjust the direct of the sequential requests. if you enable this parameter, be sure the enable "append_fromtag" in "rr" module */ modparam("acc", "detect_direction", 0) /* account triggers (flags) */ modparam("acc", "failed_transaction_flag", 3) modparam("acc", "log_flag", 1) modparam("acc", "log_missed_flag", 2) modparam("acc", "log_extra", "src_user=$fU;src_domain=$fd;dst_ouser=$tU;dst_user=$rU;dst_domain=$rd") /* enhanced DB accounting */ #!ifdef WITH_ACCDB modparam("acc", "db_flag", 1) modparam("acc", "db_missed_flag", 2) modparam("acc", "db_url", "mysql://openser:openserrw@localhost/openser") modparam("acc", "db_extra", "src_user=$fU;src_domain=$fd;dst_ouser=$tU;dst_user=$rU;dst_domain=$rd") #!endif # ----- usrloc params ----- /* enable DB persistency for location entries */ #!ifdef WITH_USRLOCDB modparam("usrloc", "db_mode", 2) modparam("usrloc", "db_url", "mysql://openser:openserrw@localhost/openser") #!endif # ----- auth_db params ----- /* enable the DB based authentication */ #!ifdef WITH_AUTH modparam("auth_db", "calculate_ha1", yes) modparam("auth_db", "password_column", "password") modparam("auth_db", "db_url", "mysql://openser:openserrw@localhost/openser") modparam("auth_db", "load_credentials", "") #!endif # ----- alias_db params ----- /* uncomment the following lines if you want to enable the DB based aliases */ #modparam("alias_db", "db_url", # "mysql://openser:openserrw@localhost/openser") # ----- domain params ----- /* uncomment the following lines to enable multi-domain detection support */ #modparam("domain", "db_url", # "mysql://openser:openserrw@localhost/openser") #modparam("domain", "db_mode", 1) # Use caching # ----- multi-module params ----- /* uncomment the following line if you want to enable multi-domain support in the modules (dafault off) */ #modparam("alias_db|auth_db|usrloc|uri_db", "use_domain", 1) # ----- presence params ----- /* enable presence server support */ #!ifdef WITH_PRESENCE modparam("presence|presence_xml", "db_url", "mysql://openser:openserrw@localhost/openser") modparam("presence_xml", "force_active", 1) modparam("presence", "server_address", "sip:10.0.0.10:5060") #!endif # ----- nathelper ----- #!ifdef WITH_NAT modparam("nathelper", "rtpproxy_sock", "udp:127.0.0.1:7722") modparam("nathelper", "natping_interval", 30) modparam("nathelper", "ping_nated_only", 1) modparam("nathelper", "sipping_bflag", 7) modparam("nathelper", "sipping_from", "sip:pinger@kamailio.org") modparam("registrar|nathelper", "received_avp", "$avp(i:80)") modparam("usrloc", "nat_bflag", 6) #!endif ####### Routing Logic ######## # main request routing logic route{ if (!mf_process_maxfwd_header("10")) { sl_send_reply("483","Too Many Hops"); exit; } if(!sanity_check("1511", "7")) { xlog("Malformed SIP message from $si:$sp\n"); exit; } # NAT detection route(NAT); if (has_totag()) { # sequential request withing a dialog should # take the path determined by record-routing if (loose_route()) { if (is_method("BYE")) { setflag(1); # do accounting ... setflag(3); # ... even if the transaction fails } route(RELAY); } else { if (is_method("SUBSCRIBE") && uri == myself) { # in-dialog subscribe requests route(PRESENCE); exit; } if ( is_method("ACK") ) { if ( t_check_trans() ) { # non loose-route, but stateful ACK; must be an ACK after a 487 # or e.g. 404 from upstream server t_relay(); exit; } else { # ACK without matching transaction ... ignore and discard.\n"); exit; } } sl_send_reply("404","Not here"); } exit; } #initial requests # CANCEL processing if (is_method("CANCEL")) { if (t_check_trans()) t_relay(); exit; } t_check_trans(); # authentication route(AUTH); # record routing for dialog forming requests (in case they are routed) # - remove preloaded route headers remove_hf("Route"); if (is_method("INVITE|SUBSCRIBE")) record_route(); # account only INVITEs if (is_method("INVITE")) { setflag(1); # do accounting } if (!uri==myself) /* replace with following line if multi-domain support is used */ ##if (!is_uri_host_local()) { append_hf("P-hint: outbound\r\n"); route(RELAY); } # requests for my domain if( is_method("PUBLISH|SUBSCRIBE")) route(PRESENCE); if (is_method("REGISTER")) { if(isflagset(5)) { setbflag("6"); # uncomment next line to do SIP NAT pinging ## setbflag("7"); } if (!save("location")) sl_reply_error(); exit; } if ($rU==$null) { # request with no Username in RURI sl_send_reply("484","Address Incomplete"); exit; } route(PSTN); #!ifdef WITH_FREESWITCH route(FSDISPATCH); # save callee ID $avp(callee) = $rU; #!endif # apply DB based aliases (uncomment to enable) ##alias_db_lookup("dbaliases"); if (!lookup("location")) { #!ifdef WITH_FREESWITCH # offline - send to FreeSWITCH VoiceMail route(FSVBOX); #!endif switch ($rc) { case -1: case -3: t_newtran(); t_reply("404", "Not Found"); exit; case -2: sl_send_reply("405", "Method Not Allowed"); exit; } } # when routing via usrloc, log the missed calls also setflag(2); #!ifdef WITH_FREESWITCH if(is_method("INVITE")) { # in case of failure -re-route to FreeSWITCH VoiceMail t_on_failure("FAIL_FSVBOX"); } #!endif route(RELAY); } route[RELAY] { #!ifdef WITH_NAT if (check_route_param("nat=yes")) { setbflag("6"); } if (isflagset(5) || isbflagset("6")) { route(RTPPROXY); } #!endif #!ifdef WITH_CFGSAMPLES /* example how to enable some additional event routes */ if (is_method("INVITE")) { #t_on_branch("BRANCH_ONE"); t_on_reply("REPLY_ONE"); t_on_failure("FAIL_ONE"); } #!endif if (!t_relay()) { sl_reply_error(); } exit; } # Presence server route route[PRESENCE] { #!ifdef WITH_PRESENCE if (!t_newtran()) { sl_reply_error(); exit; }; if(is_method("PUBLISH")) { handle_publish(); t_release(); } else if( is_method("SUBSCRIBE")) { handle_subscribe(); t_release(); } exit; #!endif # if presence enabled, this part will not be executed if (is_method("PUBLISH") || $rU==$null) { sl_send_reply("404", "Not here"); exit; } return; } # Authentication route route[AUTH] { #!ifdef WITH_AUTH if (is_method("REGISTER")) { # authenticate the REGISTER requests (uncomment to enable auth) if (!www_authorize("", "subscriber")) { www_challenge("", "0"); exit; } if ($au!=$tU) { sl_send_reply("403","Forbidden auth ID"); exit; } } else { # authenticate if from local subscriber (uncomment to enable auth) if (from_uri==myself) { if (!proxy_authorize("", "subscriber")) { proxy_challenge("", "0"); exit; } if (is_method("PUBLISH")) { if ($au!=$tU) { sl_send_reply("403","Forbidden auth ID"); exit; } } else { if ($au!=$fU) { sl_send_reply("403","Forbidden auth ID"); exit; } } consume_credentials(); # caller authenticated } } #!endif return; } # Caller NAT detection route route[NAT]{ #!ifdef WITH_NAT force_rport(); if (nat_uac_test("19")) { if (method=="REGISTER") { fix_nated_register(); } else { fix_nated_contact(); } setflag(5); } #!endif return; } # RTPProxy control route[RTPPROXY] { #!ifdef WITH_NAT if (is_method("BYE")) { unforce_rtp_proxy(); } else if (is_method("INVITE")){ force_rtp_proxy(); } if (!has_totag()) add_rr_param(";nat=yes"); #!endif return; } # PSTN GW routing route[PSTN] { #!ifdef WITH_PSTN # check if PSTN GW IP is defined if (strempty($sel(cfg_get.pstn.gw_ip))) { xlog("SCRIPT: PSTN rotuing enabled but pstn.gw_ip not defined\n"); return; } # route to PSTN dialed numbers starting with '+' or '00' # (international format) # - update the condition to match your dialing rules for PSTN routing if(!($rU=~"^(\+|00)[1-9][0-9]{3,20}$")) return; # only local users allowed to call if(from_uri!=myself) { sl_send_reply("403", "Not Allowed"); exit; } $ru = "sip:" + $rU + "@" + $sel(cfg_get.pstn.gw_ip); route(RELAY); exit; #!endif return; } #!ifdef WITH_FREESWITCH # FreeSWITCH routing blocks route[FSDISPATCH] { if(!is_method("INVITE")) return; if(!($rU=~"^4[0-9]+$")) return; # dial number selection switch($rU) { case /"^41$": # 41 - voicebox menu # allow only authenticated users if($au==$null) { sl_send_reply("403", "Not allowed"); exit; } $rU = "vm-" + $au; break; case /"^441[0-9][0-9]$": # starting with 44 folowed by 1XY - direct call to voice box strip(2); route(FSVBOX); break; case /"^433[01][0-9][0-9]$": # starting with 433 folowed by (0|1)XY - conference strip(2); break; case /"^45[0-9]+$": strip(2); break; default: return; } route(FSRELAY); exit; } route[FSVBOX] { if(!($rU=~"^1[0-9][0-9]+$")) return; prefix("vb-"); route(FSRELAY); } # Send to FreeSWITCH route[FSRELAY] { $du = "sip:" + $sel(cfg_get.freeswitch.bindip) + ":" + $sel(cfg_get.freeswitch.bindport); if($var(newbranch)==1) { append_branch(); $var(newbranch) = 0; } route(RELAY); exit; } #!endif # Sample branch router branch_route[BRANCH_ONE] { xdbg("new branch at $ru\n"); } # Sample onreply route onreply_route[REPLY_ONE] { xdbg("incoming reply\n"); #!ifdef WITH_NAT if ((isflagset(5) || isbflagset("6")) && status=~"(183)|(2[0-9][0-9])") { force_rtp_proxy(); } if (isbflagset("6")) { fix_nated_contact(); } #!endif } # Sample failure route failure_route[FAIL_ONE] { #!ifdef WITH_NAT if (is_method("INVITE") && (isbflagset("6") || isflagset(5))) { unforce_rtp_proxy(); } #!endif if (t_is_canceled()) { exit; } # uncomment the following lines if you want to block client # redirect based on 3xx replies. ##if (t_check_status("3[0-9][0-9]")) { ##t_reply("404","Not found"); ## exit; ##} # uncomment the following lines if you want to redirect the failed # calls to a different new destination ##if (t_check_status("486|408")) { ## sethostport("192.168.2.100:5060"); ## append_branch(); ## # do not set the missed call flag again ## t_relay(); ##} } #!ifdef WITH_FREESWITCH failure_route[FAIL_FSVBOX] { #!ifdef WITH_NAT if (is_method("INVITE") && (isbflagset("6") || isflagset(5))) { unforce_rtp_proxy(); } #!endif if (t_is_canceled()) { exit; } if (t_check_status("486|408")) { # re-route to FreeSWITCH VoiceMail $rU = $avp(callee); $var(newbranch) = 1; route(FSVBOX); } } #!endif
Be sure you updated /usr/local/etc/kamailio/kamctlrc and you set properly SIP_DOMAIN and DBENGINE:
... SIP_DOMAIN=192.168.178.23 # IP address or hostname for Kamailio ... DBENGINE=MYSQL ...
Create some test users in Kamailio with kamctl:
kamctl add userid password email
kamctl add 101 101 101@mysipserver.com kamctl add 102 102 102@mysipserver.com kamctl add 103 103 103@mysipserver.com
Routing to FreeSWITCH:
To define the IP address and port, update the custom global parameters in class freeswitch:
#!ifdef WITH_FREESWITCH freeswitch.bindip = "192.168.178.23" desc "FreeSWITCH IP Address" freeswitch.bindport = "5090" desc "FreeSWITCH Port" #!endif
Just do the standard FreeSWITCH installation, a tutorial is available at:
Since this tutorial uses same IP but different ports, update your SIP profiles setting, setting the port accordingly.
Internal profiles:
<param name="sip-port" value="5090"/>
External profile:
<param name="sip-port" value="5092"/>
Also, for internal profile, disable call authentication. SIP traffic from Kamailio will be trusted and verified by ACL.
<param name="auth-calls" value="false"/>
Update ACL to allow traffic from Kamailio IP, edit conf/autoload_configs/acl.conf.xml and add to domains list:
<node type="allow" cidr="192.168.178.23/32"/>
After that should look like:
<list name="domains" default="deny"> <node type="allow" domain="$${domain}"/> <node type="allow" cidr="192.168.178.23/32"/> </list>
First direct the SIP traffic sent by Kamailio from public to default, edit conf/dialplan/public.xml and add:
<extension name="from_kamailio"> <condition field="network_addr" expression="^192\.168\.178\.23$" /> <condition field="destination_number" expression="^(.+)$"> <action application="transfer" data="$1 XML default"/> </condition> </extension>
Then in conf/dialplan/default.xml, add new extensions for handling calls to Voice Box services:
<extension name="vbox"> <condition field="destination_number" expression="^vb-(1[0-9][0-9])$"> <action application="answer"/> <action application="voicemail" data="default ${domain_name} $1"/> </condition> </extension> <extension name="vmenu"> <condition field="destination_number" expression="^vm-(1[0-9][0-9])$"> <action application="voicemail" data="check default ${domain_name} $1"/> </condition> </extension>
First extension is to leave a voice message to callee. Second is to listen to caller's voice messages.
You have to create some file that hold the user profiles to provide voicemail services. Here we put the XML files on the local file system.
However, with freeswitch is easy to get them dynamically, i.e., via HTTP (invoking PHP, CGI, etc.) or calling an application (written in Lua for example) that goes to database (can be Kamailio's database) and return the user profiles - I let that for a future article: Kamailio and FreeSWITCH realtime integration.
For now, add three files in directory/default:
<include> <user id="101"> <params> <param name="vm-password" value="1001"/> </params> <variables> <variable name="accountcode" value="101"/> <variable name="user_context" value="default"/> <variable name="effective_caller_id_name" value="Extension 101"/> <variable name="effective_caller_id_number" value="101"/> </variables> </user> </include>
<include> <user id="102"> <params> <param name="vm-password" value="1002"/> </params> <variables> <variable name="accountcode" value="102"/> <variable name="user_context" value="default"/> <variable name="effective_caller_id_name" value="Extension 102"/> <variable name="effective_caller_id_number" value="102"/> </variables> </user> </include>
<include> <user id="103"> <params> <param name="vm-password" value="1003"/> </params> <variables> <variable name="accountcode" value="103"/> <variable name="user_context" value="default"/> <variable name="effective_caller_id_name" value="Extension 103"/> <variable name="effective_caller_id_number" value="103"/> </variables> </user> </include>
Since we use them for voicemail, the important field is vm-password which represents the voicemail PIN. You can omit other files if you don't need them.
Once you have installed and configured kamailio and freeswitch, configure some phones with users 101, 102 and 103 to register with Kamailio.
The start calling between them:
Call into a conference: dial 433001 from your phones.
Leave a voice message to user 101: dial 44101
Listen your voice messages: dial 41
Kamailio Advanced Training, November 22-25, 2010, Berlin, Germany